Population Dynamics and Community Structure of Parasitoid Insects Across Different Growth Stages of Lowland Rice in Gampong Gintong, Grong-Grong District, Pidie Regency

Nanda Fatmala; Aidil Amar; Diah Fridayati; Tengku Dhean; Sayed Ahmad Zaki Yamani

doi:10.25181/jppt.v26i2.4883

Authors

Nanda Fatmala Universitas Almuslim
Aidil Amar Program Studi Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Almuslim, Bireuen 24261, Aceh
Diah Fridayati Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Almuslim, Bireuen 24261, Aceh
Tengku Dhean Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Almuslim, Bireuen 24261, Aceh
Sayed Ahmad Zaki Yamani Program Studi Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Almuslim, Bireuen 24261, Aceh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v26i2.4883

Abstract

Parasitoid insects play a crucial role in the wetland rice ecosystem as natural enemies of key pests. This study aimed to assess the population dynamics and community structure of parasitoid insects across four rice growth phases in Gampong Gintong, Grong-Grong District, Pidie Regency. Sampling was conducted at 25 observation units (5 transects × 5 points) using yellow sticky traps, sweep nets, and aspirators at 14, 28, 49, and 70 Days After Transplanting (DAT) with three replications. A total of 28 individuals from six parasitoid families of two orders were recorded: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, and Eulophidae (Hymenoptera), and Pipunculidae and Tachinidae (Diptera). Population density was highest at the Late Vegetative phase (28 DAT) at 3.00 individuals/plot and lowest at the Grain-Filling phase (70 DAT) at 1.67 individuals/plot. One-way ANOVA showed no significant overall difference among phases (F = 3.556; p = 0.067), although Tukey HSD identified a significant difference between the Late Vegetative and Grain-Filling phases. Shannon-Wiener index (H’) ranged from 0.673 to 1.277, Pielou’s evenness (E) from 0.870 to 0.971, and Simpson’s dominance (C) from 0.190 to 0.400. Air temperature increased from 27.9°C at the Late Vegetative phase to 30.1°C at Grain-Filling, showing a strong negative correlation with parasitoid abundance (r = −0.98; p = 0.021), while relative humidity showed a strong positive correlation (r = +0.96; p = 0.038). Braconidae (42.86%) and Ichneumonidae (39.29%) were present across all growth phases and showed potential as biological control agents in integrated pest management programs in Pidie Regency.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

BPS. 2022. Statistik Tanaman Pangan Indonesia 2022. Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta.

Brodeur, J. and Boivin, G. 2004. Functional ecology of immature parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology. 49: 27–49.

Buchori, D., Rizali, A., Priwiratama, H. and Meilin, A. 2011. Parasitoid diversity in Indonesian agricultural landscape: current knowledge and future prospects. Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 49(1-2): 1–10.

Desneux, N., Decourtye, A. and Delpuech, J.M. 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology. 52: 81–106.

Dinas Pertanian Aceh. 2021. Laporan Tahunan Produksi Padi dan Penggunaan Sarana Produksi Pertanian Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2021. Laporan Tidak Dipublikasikan. Dinas Pertanian dan Perkebunan Aceh. Banda Aceh.

Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Pidie. 2023. Laporan Serangan Hama Wereng Coklat Musim Tanam Gadu 2023. Laporan Tidak Dipublikasikan. Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Pidie. Sigli.

Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Pidie. 2024. Laporan Pemantauan Hama Penggerek Batang Padi Musim Rendengan 2024. Laporan Tidak Dipublikasikan. Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Pidie. Sigli.

Feener, D.H. and Brown, B.V. 1997. Diptera as parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology. 42(1): 73–97.

Fitri, L.A., Yaherwandi and Hamid, H. 2021. Keanekaragaman parasitoid pada ekosistem padi sawah di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia. 18(2): 87–96.

Furlan, L., Pozzebon, A., Duso, C., Simon-Delso, N., Sanchez-Bayo, F., Marchand, P.A., Codato, F., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M. and Bonmatin, J.M. 2021. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on systemic insecticides. Part 3: alternatives to systemic insecticides. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28: 11798–11820.

Godfray, H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press. Princeton.

Godfray, H.C.J., Beddington, J.R. and Hassell, M.P. 2022. Population dynamics of parasitoid-host systems in changing climates. Ecology Letters. 25(4): 811–826.

Goulet, H. and Huber, J.T. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Agriculture Canada. Ottawa.

Gurr, G.M., Lu, Z., Zheng, X., Xu, H., Zhu, P., Chen, G., Yao, X., Cheng, J., Zhu, Z., Catindig, J.L., Villareal, S., Van Chien, H., Cuong, L.Q., Channoo, C., Chengwattana, N., Lan, L.P., Hai, L.H., Chaiwong, J., Nicol, H.I., Perovic, D.J., Wratten, S.D. and Heong, K.L. 2016. Multi-country evidence that crop diversification promotes ecological intensification of agriculture. Nature Plants. 2: 16014.

Hawkins, B.A., Thomas, M.B. and Hochberg, M.E. 1993. Refuge theory and biological control. Science. 262: 1429–1432.

Hendrival and Khalid, M. 2017. Perbandingan keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitoid pada ekosistem padi sawah dan palawija. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi. 10(1): 48–58.

Hendrival, Zulkarnain and Munauwar, M. 2021. Keanekaragaman dan dominansi serangga parasitoid pada tanaman padi sawah. Jurnal Biosains. 7(3): 142–147.

Karp, D.S., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Meehan, T.D., Martin, E.A., DeClerck, F., Grab, H., Gratton, C., Hunt, L., Larsen, A.E., Martinez-Salinas, A., O'Rourke, M.E., Rusch, A., Poveda, K., Tscharntke, T., Werling, B.P., Wickings, K., Zhang, W., Zou, Y. and Gurr, G.M. 2018. Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115(33): E7863–E7870.

Magurran, A.E. and McGill, B.J. 2011. Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

Montgomery, D.C. 2017. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 9th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York.

Mujalipah, Rosa, E. and Yusriadi. 2019. Keanekaragaman serangga hama dan musuh alami pada beberapa fase pertumbuhan tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.). Proteksi Tanaman Tropika. 2(01): 95–101.

Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Natural History Museum. London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids.

Oksanen, J., Simpson, G.L., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P.R., O'Hara, R.B., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H., Szoecs, E., Wagner, H., Barbour, M., Bedward, M. and Bolker, B. 2022. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.6-4.

Pielou, E.C. 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 13: 131–144.

Quicke, D.L.J. 2015. The Braconid and Ichneumonid Parasitoid Wasps: Biology, Systematics, Evolution and Ecology. John Wiley & Sons. Oxford.

R Core Team. 2023. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna.

Rizali, A., Buchori, D. and Triwidodo, H. 2011. Insect diversity at the rice field border and its role as natural enemy habitat. Hayati Journal of Biosciences. 9(2): 43–46.

Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Pethybridge, S.J., Esker, P., McRoberts, N. and Nelson, A. 2019. The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 3: 430–439.

Settle, W.H., Ariawan, H., Astuti, E.T., Cahyana, W., Hakim, A.L., Hindayana, D., Lestari, A.S. and Pajarningsih. 1996. Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey. Ecology. 77(7): 1975–1988.

Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press. Urbana.

Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature. 163: 688.

Siregar, A.Z., Lubis, L. and Panggabean, B. 2024. Diversity of parasitoid insects in rice paddies at different management intensities in North Sumatra. Biodiversitas. 25(2): 451–462.

Tian, H., Lu, C., Pan, S., Yang, J., Miao, R., Ren, W., Yu, Q., Fu, B., Jin, F., Lu, Y. and Melillo, J. 2020. Optimizing resource use efficiencies in the food–energy–water nexus for sustainable agriculture: from conceptual model to decision support system. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 33: 104–113.

Widiarta, I.N., Kusdiaman, D. and Suprihanto. 2014. Keragaman artropoda pada pertanaman padi dengan pengelolaan hama terpadu. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 33(1): 52–60.

Wilyus, Nurdiansyah, F., Herlinda, S., Irsan, C. and Pujiastuti, Y. 2012. Potensi parasitoid telur penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas Walker pada beberapa tipologi lahan di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika. 12(1): 56–63.

Woodcock, B.A., Bullock, J.M., Shore, R.F., Heard, M.S., Pereira, M.G., Redhead, J., Ridding, L., Dean, H., Sleep, D., Henrys, P., Peyton, J., Hulmes, S., Hulmes, L., Sárospataki, M., Saure, C., Edwards, M., Genersch, E., Knäbe, S. and Pywell, R.F. 2016. Country-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees and wild bees. Science. 356: 1393–1395.

Xu, H., Yang, F., Yao, X., Zhu, P., He, J., Liu, G., Guo, X., Liang, X. and Gurr, G.M. 2022. Targeted management of in-field floral resources enhances parasitoid diversity in rice agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 326: 107800.

Zhao, Y., Chen, X., Wu, Q., Yu, X. and Liu, S. 2023. Temperature effects on host–parasitoid interactions in rice paddy ecosystems under climate warming scenarios. Journal of Applied Entomology. 147(3): 234–244.