Analisis Perbandingan Produktivitas Komoditi Kelapa di Indonesia dan Malaysia

Abstract

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an agricultural commodity with a strategic role in social, cultural, and economic aspects, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. As the "tree of life," nearly all parts of the coconut can be utilized, giving it high economic value. Indonesia is the world's largest coconut producer, with a plantation area reaching 3.7 million hectares, while Malaysia ranks 12th with a production of 538,685 metric tons in 2018. However, low coconut productivity in both countries remains a major challenge that affects farmers' livelihoods. This study aims to analyze the comparison of coconut productivity in Indonesia and Malaysia over the period 2018–2022. The data used consists of secondary data from various official sources, such as FAO, Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and the Department of Statistics Malaysia. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify trends in land area, production, and coconut productivity in both countries. The study results show that Indonesia’s coconut plantation area experienced a slight decline from 3,417.8 thousand hectares in 2018 to 3,340.8 thousand hectares in 2022, while Malaysia showed fluctuations with a declining trend from 83,436 hectares to 81,898 hectares over the same period. Coconut production in Indonesia remained relatively stable with a slight increase, whereas Malaysia saw production growth, reaching 604,428 tons in 2022. The productivity of coconuts in both countries is still far from its optimal potential, with Indonesia remaining around 1 ton/ha, while Malaysia showed a more significant increase. This study highlights that improving coconut productivity in both countries requires better adoption of agricultural technology, diversification of derivative products, and sustainable resource management. Strengthening both upstream and downstream sectors of the coconut industry can enhance farmers' incomes and boost global competitiveness.