Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit yang Ditambahkan Berbagai Jenis Kotoran Hewan Ternak dan Penentuan Kualitas Kimia Bokashi Berbasis Standar Nasional Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25181/jaip.v11i3.3008Keywords:
nutrient content, oil palm, organic fertilizer, waste managementAbstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a large amount of palm oil industry waste and has the potential to be used as bokashi fertilizer with the addition of livestock manure to enrich its nutrient content. This study aims to determine the chemical quality of OPEFB bokashi by adding each chicken, cow, and goat manure based on the quality standards of organic fertilizer INS-19-7030-2004. The research was conducted from June to August 2022 in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, and the Soil Laboratory of the Department of Soils, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This study used a quantitative method (nutrient analysis in the laboratory). The following treatments were used: K0 = OPEFB without adding livestock manure, K1 = OPEFB with adding chicken manure, K2 = OPEFB with adding cow manure, and K3 = OPEFB with the addition of goat manure. The results showed that treatment K1 (bokashi OPEFB with chicken manure) had better chemical quality than treatments K0, K2, and K3, namely parameters organic C (13,72%), total N (0.92%), C/N ratio (14.91%), total P (1.00%), total K (0.60%), total Ca (6.56%), and total Fe (0.02%). However, the total Mg parameter in the K1 treatment was 1.36% above the maximum SNI limit, and the pH parameters in all treatments (K0 4.91, K1 5.89, K2 4.59, and K3 5.05) were not in accordance with SNI-19-7030-2004.Downloads
References
Bachtiar, B., & Ahmad, A. H. (2019). Analisis kandungan hara kompos johar cassia siamea dengan penambahan aktivator promi. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 4(1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.20956/bioma.v4i1.6493.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Luas Tanaman Perkebunan Menurut Provinsi (Ribu Hektar) dan Produksi Tanaman Perkebunan (Ribu Ton). Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/54/131/1/luas-tanaman-perkebunan-menurut-provinsi.html. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/54/132/1/produksi-tanaman-perkebunan.html.
Chasanah, U., Rahmawati, L., & Iskarlia, G. R. (2013). Optimasi proses dekomposisi tandan kosong kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) menggunakan Aktivator EM4. Polhasains: jurnal sains dan terapan Politeknik Hasnur, 1(02), 16-29.
Dewi, T., Anas, I., & Nursyamsi, D. (2013). Pengaruh pupuk organik berkadar besi tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi sawah. Agric, 25(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.24246/agric.2013.v25.i1.p58-63.
Fahruddin, F., Haedar, N. H. N., & Tuwo, M. (2020). Potensi bakteri dari limbah kotoran ternak dalam mendegradasi selulosa. Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan, 11(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.20956/jal.v11i1.9312.
Gustiar, F., Wibisono, I., & Munandar, M. (2020). Kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan penambahan kotoran sapi dan berbagai bioaktivator. Jurnal Riset Agribisnis dan Peternakan, 5(2), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.37729/jrap.v5i2.820.
Hartatik, W., & Widowati, L. R. (2006). Pupuk kandang. Dalam Buku Pupuk Organik dan Hayati. Balai Penelitian Tanah. BBSDLP-Badan Litbang Pertanian.
Hayat, E. S., & Andayani, S. (2015). Pengelolaan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan aplikasi biomassa chromolaena odorata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi serta sifat tanah sulfaquent. Jurnal Teknologi Pengelolaan Limbah, 17 (2), 44-51.
Ho, T. T. K., Le, T. H., Tran, C. S., Nguyen, P. T., Thai, V. N., & Bui, X. T. (2022). Compost to improve sustainable soil cultivation and crop productivity. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 6, 100211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100211.
Indriani, Y. H. (2011). Membuat Kompos Secara Kilat. Penebar Swadaya Grup.
Jaya, J. D., Nuryati, N., & Ramadhani, R. (2014). Optimasi produksi pupuk kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan aplikasinya pada tanaman. Jurnal Teknologi Agro-Industri, 1(1), 01-08. https://doi.org/10.34128/jtai.v1i1.24.
Jumar & Saputra, R.A. (2021). Kompos Limbah Pertanian untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Padi di Lahan Sulfat Masam: Kompos Limbah Pertanian dan Pengolahannya. CV Banyubening Cipta Sejahtera.
Juo, A. S. R. (1978). Selected methods for soil and plant analysis. Manual series, No. 1. IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture).
Kurnia, V. C., Sumiyati, S., & Samudro, G. (2017). Pengaruh kadar air terhadap hasil pengomposan sampah organik dengan metode open windrow. Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mercu Buana, 6(2), 119-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v6i2.1191.
Latifah, S., Tobing, C, M., dan Martial, T. (2014). Pupuk Organik Kompos Memanfaatkan Limbah Lingkungan Sekitar. CV Kiswatech.
Lestari, D., & Sembiring, E. (2013). Komposting dan Fermentasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan. Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Lestari, R. J., Okalia, D., & Ezward, C. (2020). Analisis kandungan P, K, Ca, dan Mg pada pengomposan tritankos (Triko Tandan Kosong) yang diperkaya kotoran sapi. Green Swarnadwipa: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Pertanian, 9(1), 93-101.
Miller, R. O. & Horneck, D. A. (1997). In Plant Tissue. Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press.
Muhammad, T. A., Zaman, B., & Purwono, P. (2017). Pengaruh penambahan pupuk kotoran kambing terhadap hasil pengomposan daun kering di TPST UNDIP. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(3), 1-12.
Neves, A. C., da Costa, P., e Silva, C. A. D. O., Pereira, F. R., & Mol, M. P. G. (2021). Analytical methods comparison for pH determination of composting process from green wastes. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 20(1), 133-139.
Nur, T., Noor, A. R., & Elma, M. (2016). Pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari sampah organik rumah tangga dengan bioaktivator EM4 (Effective microorganisms). Konversi, 5(2), 44-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v5i2.4766.
Nurhayati, C., & Andayani, O. (2016). Pengaruh lumpur aktif cair dari pabrik crumb rubber sebagai dekomposer pupuk organik dari kotoran ayam dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri, 27(1), 19-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.28959/jdpi.v27i1.705.
Okalia, D., Nopsagiarti, T., & Ezward, C. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran cacahan tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap karakteristik fisik kompos tritankos (triko tandan kosong). Jurnal Agroqua: Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan, 16(2), 132-142. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v16i2.523.
Pangestu, E., Achmadi, J., Wahyono, F., & Nuswantara, L. K. (2009). Karakteristik Daya Ikat Serat Dari Beberapa Bahan Pakan Hasil Samping Agroindustri Terhadap Kalsium (Characteristic of Binding Capacity of Fiber Sources from Some Agroindustry Byproduct). In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kebangkitan Peternakan 20 Mei (pp. 1-9).
Pitoyo. (2016). Pengomposan Pelepah Daun Salak dengan Berbagai Macam Aktivator. Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Praevia, M. F., & Widayat, W. (2022). Analisis pemanfaatan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai cofiring pada PLTU Batubara. Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan, 3(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2022.13367.
Putra, I. A., & Hanum, H. (2018). Kajian antagonisme hara K, Ca Dan Mg pada tanah Inceptisol yang diaplikasi pupuk kandang, dolomit dan pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata L.). Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology, 4(1), 23-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v4i1.2751.
Puspitasari, Y., Suriyanti, S., & Nontji, M. (2022). Lama fermentasi dan volume effective microorganism-4 (EM4) dalam pembuatan pupuk organik padat berbahan dasar serbuk gergaji kayu dan kotoran ayam. AGrotekMAS Jurnal Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmu Peranian, 3(2), 124-135.
Rahmadanti, M. S., Pramana, A., Okalia, D., & Wahyudi, W. (2019). Uji karakteristik kompos (pH, Tekstur, Bau) pada berbagai kombinasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan kotoran sapi menggunakan mikroorganisme selulotik (MOS). Jurnal Ilmiah Teknosains, 5(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.26877/jitek.v5i2.4717.
Rahmawati, L. (2017). Kandungan unsur hara kompos berbahan dasar tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). AGRISAINS, 3(2), 38-41.
Raun, W. R., Olson, R. A., Sander, D. H., & Westerman, R. L. (1987). Alternative procedure for total phosphorus determination in plant tissue. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 18(5), 543-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628709367840.
Rijal, M., & Surati. (2020). Pakan Unggas Dari Limbah Organik. LP2M IAIN Ambon.
Ruhaimah, R., Asmar, A., & Harianti, M. (2009). Efek sisa asam humat dari kompos jerami padi dan pengelolaan air dalam mengurangi keracunan besi (Fe) tanah sawah bukaan baru terhadap produksi padi. Jurnal Solum, 6(1), 1-13.
Sahwan, F. L. (2010). Kualitas produk kompos dan karakteristik proses pengomposan sampah kota tanpa pemilahan awal. Jurnal teknologi lingkungan, 11(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i1.1225.
Santoso, U., Gazali, A., Mahreda, E. S., & Wahdah, R. (2021). Application of livestock manure and edamame harvest waste to improve the chemical properties of acid dry land. International Journal of Biosciences, 19(4), 41-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/19.4.41-52.
Saputra, R. A., & Sari, N. N. (2021). Ameliorant engineering to elevate soil pH, growth, and productivity of paddy on peat and tidal land. In IOP Conferences Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648(012183). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012183.
Setyorini, D., Saraswati, R., & Anwar, E. K. (2006). Kompos. Dalam Buku Pupuk Organik dan Hayati. Balai Penelitian Tanah. BBSDLP-Badan Litbang Pertanian.
Shamsuddin, J., Jamilah, I., & Ogunwale, J. A. (1994). Organic carbon determination in acid sulphate soils. J. Trap. Agric. Sci, 17(3), 197-200.
Sitio, Y. O. S. E. P. H., Wijana, G. E. D. E., & Raka, I. G. N. (2015). Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan pupuk nitrogen sebagai substitusi top soil terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) periode pre nursery. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika, 4(4), 264-273.
SNI-19-7030-2004. (2004). Spesifikasi Kompos dari Sampah Organik Domestik. Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Sofa, N., Hatta, G. M., & Arifin, Y. F. (2022). Analisis kompos berbahan dasar Sampah organik di lingkungan kampus dengan aktivator EM4, kotoran sapi dan kotoran unggas dalam upaya mendukung gerakan kampus hijau. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 10(1), 70-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v10i1.13090.
Sopa, S. M., Fajarfika, R., Nurdiana, D., & Rismayanti, A. Y. (2021). Pemberian berbagai dosis kompos tandan kosong dan abu boiler limbah kelapa sawit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). JAGROS: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science), 6(1), 12-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v6i1.1616.
Sucipto, S., Andriyanto, T., Nadliroh, K., Indrajaya, D., & Mustofa, M. A. (2019). Pelatihan pengemasan dan penyuluhan pembuatan pupuk kompos: Desa Pusharang. Jurnal Terapan Abdimas, 4(1), 13-16. http://doi.org/10.25273/jta.v4i1.3801.
Suherman, I., Awaluddin, A., & Itnawita, I. (2014). Analisis kualitas kompos dari campuran tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan kotoran ayam menggunakan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit dan EM-4. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa FMIPA, 1(2), 195-204.
Ure, A. M., Quevauviller, P. H., Muntau, H., & Griepink, B. (1993). Speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments. An account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniques undertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, 51(1-4), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319308027619.
Wahyono, S., & Sahwan, F.L. (2010). Standarisasi kompos berbahan baku sampah kota. Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan, 6(3), 223 - 233. https://doi.org/10.29122/jrl.v6i3.1936.
Widiyani, T., Listyawati, S., Herawati, E., Budiharjo, A., & Astirin, O. P. (2022). Pengolahan kotoran gajah taman satwa taru jurug surakarta menjadi pupuk organik. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Corporate Social Responsibility (PKM-CSR), 5, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37695/pkmcsr.v5i0.1554.
Wijaya, K. (2010). Pengaruh konsentrasi dan frekuensi pemberian pupuk organik cair hasil perombakan anaerob limbah makanan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) [Unpublished undergraduate thesis]. Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Wawan. (2020). Buku Ajar Pengelolaan Bahan Organik. Universitas Riau Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Alifia Dearta Yunda, Riza Adrianoor Saputra, Nukhak Nufita Sari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.