Respons Pertumbuhan Morfologi dan Fisiologi Vegetatif Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) pada Beberapa Klon dan Komposisi Media Tanam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25181/jaip.v14i2.4919Keywords:
cocoa clones, planting media, morphology, physiology, cocoa pod husk compostAbstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities and plays a significant role in the national economy. However, cocoa productivity is often constrained by poor seedling quality, unsuitable planting media, and limited nutrient availability. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of several cocoa clones grown in different planting media compositions to identify the most suitable combination for seedling growth. The experiment was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor consisted of three cocoa clones: Sulawesi 01 (K1), MCC 02 (K2), and ICCRI 09 (K3). The second factor comprised four planting media compositions (M0, M1, M2, and M3), resulting in 12 treatment combinations. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% significance level whenever significant differences were detected. The results showed that the interaction between clone MCC 02 (K2) and planting medium M3 (25% topsoil + 25% rice husk ash + 25% cocoa pod husk compost + 25% chicken manure) produced the best growth response by significantly increasing the number of leaves to 13.33 leaves at 90 days after planting (DAP). In contrast, the highest leaf chlorophyll content (3.43 mg kg⁻¹ at 90 DAP) was obtained from the combination of clone MCC 02 and planting medium M2. Independently, clone MCC 02 exhibited superior vegetative and physiological performance compared with Sulawesi 01 and ICCRI 09, as indicated by the largest stem diameter (8.24 mm), the highest leaf area index (21.01 cm²), and the greatest stomatal conductance (15.24 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) at 90 DAP. Similarly, planting medium M3 consistently produced the best seedling growth, resulting in the greatest plant height (42.97 cm), stem diameter (8.52 mm), leaf area index (21.87 cm²), and stomatal conductance (16.15 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) at 90 DAP.
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