Aspek Konservasi Tanah dalam Mencegah Degradasi Lahan pada Lahan Pertanian Berlereng
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25181/prosemnas.v0i0.471Abstract
Land degradation in tropical regions generally occur as a result of soil erosion caused by heavy rainfall. Plateau and slope regions such as West Java have the biophysical factors that are prone to soil erosion. In optimizing the application of soil conservation aspects need to pay attention to local knowledge (local knowledge). This very positive impact in increasing the productivity of plants and soil, as well as reducing the rate of soil erosion. Soil conservation aspects that need to be made the key is the percentage of vegetation density of plants in accordance with the slope of the land. This includes the provision of proper nutrition or plant nutrient and fertilization strategies. But the application, granting pembenah organic soils such as manure or compost biomass to be done in situ. In the application of soil conservation aspects necessary role of government in interpreting and understanding the prevention of land degradation on sloping agricultural land. This is to facilitate the adoption of the technology and its application in farmers' fields. Participation extension workers and farmer groups are very important in supporting the improvement of productivity of the soil and plants. Special appreciation is required as motivation the implementation of aspects of soil conservation, especially on sloping agricultural land, in order to create a sustainable environment insights.Keywords : Slopping land; Soil Conservation; land degradationDownloads
References
Erfandi, D: Aspek Konservasi Tanah Dalam Mencegah Degradasi Lahan Pada Lahan Pertanian Berlereng
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian V Polinela 2016
Suganda, H., Djunaedi, M.S., Santoso, D., & Sukmana, S. (1997). Pengaruh cara pengendalian erosi terhadap
aliran permukaan, tanah tererosi, dan produksi sayuran pada Andisol. J. Tanah dan Iklim 15: 38-50.
Sunarti, Sinukaban, N., Sanim, B. & Tarigan, S.D. (2008). Konversi hutan menjadi lahan usaha tani karet
dan kelapa sawit serta pengaruhnya terhadap aliran permukaan dan erosi tanah di DAS Batang Pelepat.
J. Tanah Tropika 13(3): 253-260.
Sutrisno, N., dan Heryani, N. (2013). Teknologi konservasi tanah dan air untuk mencegah degradasi lahan
pertanian berlereng. J. Litbang Pert. Vol. 32 No. 3 September 2013: 122-130.
Undang Kurnia. 1996. Kajian Metoda Rehabilitasi Lahan untuk Meningkatkan dan Melestarikan
Produktivitas Tanah. Disertasi Doktor, Program Pasca Sarjana IPB.
Varvel, G.E. and Wilhelm, W.W. (2011). No-tillage increases soil profile, carbon and nitrogen under long-
term rainfed cropping systems. Soil and Tillage Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
j.still.2011.03.005.
Voaje, P.I., Singh, B.R. and Lal, R. (1998). Erosional effects on soil properties and maize yield on a volcanic
ash soil in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. J. Sustainable Agric. 12(4): 39–53.
Wahyono. (1997). Pemantauan Gerakan Tanah didaerah Ciloto, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Bulletin
Geologi Tata Lingkungan No.19,Juni 1997. Hlm .21-37.
Wahyunto, Sastramihardja, H., Supriatna, W., Wahdini, W., & Sunaryo. (2003). Kerawanan longsor lahan
pertanian di Daerah Aliran Sungai Citarum, Jawa Barat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Multifungsi dan
Konversi Lahan Pertanian, Bogor 2 Oktober dan Jakarta 25 Oktober 2002. Puslitbang Tanah dan
Agroklimat, Badan Litbang Pertanian
Yi-bin,H., Tang Long-fei, Zheng Zhong-deng, Chen En, & Ying Zhao-yang. (2004). Utilization of Arachis
Pintoi in Red Soil Region and Its efficiency on Water soil conservation in China. 13th International
Soil Conservation Organisation Conference - Brisbane, July 2004 Conserving Soil and Water for
Society: Sharing Solutions Paper No. 950 http://tucson.ars.ag.gov.diakses tgl. 21 April 2014.Erfandi : Aspek Konservasi Tanah Dalam Mencegah Degradasi Lahan Pada Lahan Pertanian Berlereng
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian V Polinela 2016 139
Hidayat, A. dan Mulyani, A. (2005). Lahan kering untuk pertanian. Hlm. 7-38 dalam Teknologi Pengelolaan
Lahan Kering Menuju Pertanian Produktif dan Ramah Lingkungan. Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan
Agroklimat. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
Irianto, G.A., Abdurachman, A. dan Juarsah, I. (1993). Rehabilitasi tanah tropudults tererosi dengan system
pertanaman lorong menggunakan tanaman pagar Flemingia congesta. Pembrt.Penlt.Tanah dan Pupuk
: 13-18.
Kagabo, D.M., Stroosnijder, L., Visser, S.M. and Moore, D. (2013). Soil erosion, soil fertility and crop yield
on slow-forming terraces in the highlands of Buberuka, Rwanda. Soil and Tillage Research, Volume
, April 2013, : 23-29.
Lahmar, R., Bationo, B.A., Lamso, N., Guéro, Y., & Tittonell, P. (2011). Tailoring conservation agriculture
technologies to West Africa Semi-Arid Zones: Building on traditional local practices for soil
restoration. Field Crops Research. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.09.013
Lal, R. & Stewart, B.A. (1998). Soil Degradation. Springer-Verlag, New York. Marongwe, L.S., K. Kwazira,
M. Jenrich, C. Thierfelder, A. Kassam, and T. Friedrich. 2011. An African success: The case of con-
servation agriculture in Zimbabwe. Int`l. J. Agric. Sustainability 9(1): 153 161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2010.0556
Marongwe, L.S., Kwazira, K., Jenrich, M., Thierfelder, C., Kassam, A. & Friedrich, T., (2011). An African
success: The case of con- servation agriculture in Zimbabwe. Int`l. J. Agric. Sustainability 9(1): 153-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2010.0556
Muddarisna, & Prijono, S. (2014). The potential of Arachis pintoi biomass to improve quality of soil
continuously used for cassava cropping. Jounal of. Degraded and Mining Lands Management. ISSN:
-076X, Volume 1, Number 2 (January 2014): 87-92.
Mu’minah. (2009). Pengaruh pengolahan tanah dan pemberian mulsa jerami teradap produksi tanaman
jagung, kacang tanah, dan erosi tanah. Jurnal Agrisistem, Juni 2009, Vol. 5 No. 1, ISSN 1858-4330.
Mulyani, A. dan Sarwani, M. (2013). Karakteristik dan potensi lahan suboptimal untuk pengembangan
pertanian di Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan. 7(1): 47-58.
Obalum, S.E., Buri, M.M., Nwite, J.C., Hermansah, Watanabe, Y., Igwe, C.A. & Wakatsuki, T. (2012). Soil
degradation-induced decline in productivity of Sub-Saharan African soils: The prospects of looking
downwards the lowlands with the sawah ecotechnology (Review). Appl. Environ. Soil Sci. 10 p.
Pratiwi dan Narendra, B.H. (2012). Pengaruh penerapan teknik konservasi tanah terhadap pertumbuhan
pertanaman mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla king) di hutan penelitian Carita, Jawa Barat. J. Penelitian
Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 9(2): 139-150.
Reicosky, D.C. (2009). Role of carbon in ecosystem services from conservation agriculture. Paper presented
at the 4th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, New Delhi, India. Seckler, D., D. Molden,
and R. Barker. 1999. Water Scarcity in the Twenty-First Century, IWMI Water Brief 1.
Smets, T., Poesen,J. & Knapen, A. (2008). Spatial scale effects on the effectiveness of organic mulches in
reducing soil erosion by water. Earth-Science Reviews, Volume 89, Issues 1–2, July 2008, : 1-12.
Subagyono, K., Marwanto, S. & Kurnia, U. (2003). Teknik konservasi tanah secara vegetatif. Balai
Penelitian Tanah, Bogor. 61 hlm.Adimihardja, A. (2008). Teknologi dan strategi konservasi tanah dalam kerangka revitalisasi pertanian.
Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian 1(2): 105-124.
Adimihardja, A. & Sutono. (2002). Teknologi Pengendalian Erosi lahan berlereng .hlm. 103-146, dalam
Teknologi Pengendalian Lahan kering menuju Pertanian Produktif dan Ramah Lingkungan.
Puslitbangtanak. Badan Litbang Pertanian.
Angima, S.D., Stott, D.E., O’Neill, M.K., Ong, C.K. & Weesies, G.A. (2002). Use of calliandra–napier grass
contour hedges to control erosion in central Kenya. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Volume
, Issues 1–3, September 2002,: 15–23.
Argel, P.J., Kerridge, P.C. & Pizarro, E.A. (1997). Arachis Pintoi: A Multi Purpose Legume for Sustainable
Landuse Tropical Forage. Program of the Centro International de Agricultural Tropical (CIAT) A.A.
, Cali. Columbia, South America.
Arsyad, S. (2010). Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Edisi Kedua Cetakan Kedua. IPB Press. Bogor
Balai Penelitian Agroklimat dan Hidrologi. (2003). Atlas Sumberdaya Iklim Pertanian skala 1:1.000.000.
Balai Penelitian Agroklimat dan Hidrologi, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan
Agroklimat. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian.
Balitbang Pertanian. (2014). Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Indonesia. Luas Penyebaran, dan Potensi
Ketersediaan. Balitbang Pertanian, Kementrian Pertanian. 62 hlm.
Basak, S., Mondol, M.A., Ibrahim, M.A., Sharif, M.O. & Wadud, M.A. (2011). Performance of crops during
hedge establishment period of alley cropping, J. Agrofor. Environ. 5 (1): 55-58.
Chaowen L, Tu Shihua, Huang Jingjing, & Chen Yibing. (2007). Effects of plant hedgerows on soil erosion
and soil fertility on sloping farmland in the purple soil area. ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA. Volume
, Issue 6, June 2007.
Departemen Pertanian, (2006). Pedoman Umum Budidaya Pertanian pada Lahan Pegunungan. Peraturan
Menteri Pertanian: No. 46/Permentan/OT.140/10/2006.
Erfandi.,D. Mahmudin Nur, dan Budhyastoro, T. (1988). Perbaikan Lingkungan sifat-sifat fisik tanah dengan
strip vetiver dan residu pupuk kandang. Pros. Pertemuan Pembahasan dan Komunikasi Hasil
Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bid. Fisika dan Konservasi Tanah.
Erfandi, D., Undang Kurnia, dan Sopandi, O.(2002). Pengendalian erosi dan perubahan sifat fisik tanah pada
lahan sayuran berlereng. Hal. 277-286 dalam Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya
Lahan dan Pupuk. Buku II. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor.
FAO. (2010). What is conservation agriculture? http://www.fao.org/ ag/ca. [Retrieved 14th August 2010].
Fattet, M., Fu, Y., Ghestem, M., Ma, W., Foulonneau, M., Nespoulous, J., Le Bissonnais, Y., & Stokes, A.
(2011). Effects of vegetation type on soil resistance to erosion: Relationship between aggregate
stability and shear strength. CATENA. Volume 87, Issue 1, October 2011: 60–69.
Gunadi, N. (1998). Pertumbuhan dan hasil kentang asal biji botani di beberapa ketinggian tempat di musim
kemarau. J. Hort. 8 (1): 969-982.
Haryati, U., Erfandi, D dan Soelaeman, Y. (2013). Alternatif teknik konservasi tanah untuk pertanaman
kubis di dataran tinggi Kerinci. hlm. 427- 440. Dalam Wigena et al. (Ed.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional
Teknologi Pemupukan dan Pemulihan Lahan Terdegradasi, Bogor, 29 -30 Juni 2012. Badan Penelitian
dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Jakarta.