Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan

Effect of Liquid Biofertilizer BRE4 and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nematode Diversity in Arabica Coffee Plantation

Iis Nur Asyiah — 2024-09-21

This research aims to determine the influence of liquid biofertilizer BRE4 and organic fertilizer on soil nematode diversity in Arabica coffee plantations. The study was conducted in smallholder Arabica coffee farms in the Ijen Bondowoso region, Indonesia. The research utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design with the following treatments: P1= 30 ml of liquid biofertilizer BRE4 per ton of manure, P2= 60 ml of liquid biofertilizer BRE4 per ton of manure, P3= 90 ml of liquid biofertilizer BRE4 per ton of manure, P4= 120 ml of liquid biofertilizer BRE4 per ton of manure, K- = Without liquid biofertilizer and manure, K+1= 60 ml of liquid biofertilizer, and K+2= 5L of manure without liquid biofertilizer. The results showed that the P4 treatment reduced the population of parasitic nematodes and increased the diversity of free-living nematodes better than other treatments. A total of 18 genera of soil nematodes were identified, with the bacterial-feeding nematode genus (bacteriovore) being the most abundant compared to other trophic groups. The application of BRE4 and manure improved the soil ecosystem based on the nematode diversity level.

Effectiveness of Cacabean (Ludwigia hyssopifolia G. Don Exell) Extract on Seed Germination and Growth of Bobontengan Weed (Leptochloa chinensis L. Nees)

Hidayat Pujisiswanto — 2024-09-21

The presence of bobontengan weed (Leptochloa chinensis) in rice fields is considered to be detrimental and need to be controlled. Compounds secondary metabolites plant can be used as herbicides for weed control. Cacabean (Ludwigia hyssopifolia) is one of the plants that contain secondary metabolites compounds. This study aimed to determine the potency of the extract of each part of cacabean plant and the level of concentration in germination and growth of bobontengan. The research was carried out from February to March 2023, in the Integrated Field Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research design used a Randomized Block Experiment Design (RAK). The treatment consisted of two factors with four groups. The first factor was the source of cacabean extract: leaves, stems and roots, while the second factor was the concentration of cacabean extract which consisted of 4 levels: 0, 5, 10 and 15%. The homogeneity of variance was tested by Bartlett's test and the additiveness of the data was tested by Tukey's test. If the assumptions are met, the data is analyzed by analysis of variance and differences in treatment mean values followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The results showed that extracts of leaves, stems and roots of cacabean at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% effectively suppressed seed germination and bobontengan weed growth. L.hyssopifolia leaf extract was most effective in suppressing germination, shoot height growth, and dry weight of bobontengan weed. Cacabean leaves and stem extracts were most effective in suppressing the percentage of germination, shoot height growth, and the total dry weight of bobontengan. Concentration of 15% of Cacabean extract was most effective in suppressing the growth of shoot height of 2 MSA, root length, and dry weight of bobontengan, while the concentration of 10-15% was most effective in suppressing the percentage of germination and shoot height of 4 MSA. Sources of cacabean leaves, stem and root extracts were influenced by the level of extract concentration in suppressing seed germination and crown height.

Chemical characteristics of biscuits made by porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) and corn (Zea mays) flour as emergency food product: formulation and dough pretreatment

Gusti Ananda Syahputri — 2024-09-21

Emergency Food Product (EFP) is a special food used in emergencies such as disasters by paying attention to criteria such as safe, palatable, easy to distribute, easy to consume, and nutritionally complete. Biscuits are processed products that can be developed to meet EFP criteria. Biscuits have a crunchy and dry texture so that they can last a long time and are favored by the majority of people. The main ingredient in making biscuits is wheat flour. However, it can be modified by utilizing local commodities such as porang and corn. Therefore, research needs to be done to get the right formulation for making biscuits made from local flour so that they can meet EFP criteria. This study used the factorial Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method, which consists of two factors, local flour formulation and dough pretreatment temperature. Analysis of the chemical characteristics including moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber content, and calories. The results showed that the formulation provided significant differences in moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, and carbohydrate content of local flour biscuit prototypes. The temperature difference of pretreatment (-18°C or 4°C) for 30 minutes before molding provides significant differences in moisture, fat, crude fiber, and carbohydrate content of local flour biscuit prototypes. Based on the number of calories per 50 gr of products, all prototypes of local flour biscuits with pretreatment at -18°C showed calories with an average of 234 kcal, meeting the calorie density requirements of emergency food products, which is a minimum of 233 kcal / 50 gr and a maximum of 250 kcal / 50 gr

Effect of Plasma Light on Increasing the Germination Rate of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Seed Origin TSS Sanren F1 Variety

Mukhammad Akmal Surur — 2024-10-25

ABSTRACT

Sanren F1 shallot is a type of TSS variety that is widely cultivated by Indonesian onion farmers. The cultivation of Sanren F1 shallots is faced with the constraints of non-uniform germination and low seed viability, thus affecting seed quality and yield of TSS shallots. Plasma light radiation is one of the fast, economical and pollution-free plant breeding methods to improve seed performance and yield. This study aims to determine the effect of plasma light period on the germination rate of shallots from TSS seeds of Sanren F1 variety. The research design used was a single-factor Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The factor used is the irradiation period with 6 levels, namely: P0 (control), P1 (5 minutes radiation), P2 (10 minutes radiation), P3 (15 minutes radiation), P4 (20 minutes radiation), and P5 (25 minutes radiation). The variables observed were germination power, germination rate, seed vigor and sprout height. The data obtained were analyzed using Analiysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level for the formation of the results significantly influenced or not. If influential then continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that plasma light treatment at the irradiation level of 15 minutes (P3) gave a real effect on the growth parameters, namely germination height and was able to increase the germination and seed vigor to 100%.

Keywords: Shallot, Germination, Plasma radiation, TSS

Growth of Three Chili Pepper Varieties Exposed to Shallow Water Table at Early Vegetative Stage

Erna Siaga — 2024-09-18

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a featured commodity for horticultural crops which has high economic value and potential to developed in Indonesia. One of the developments which need to be carried out is chili peppers cultivation on riparian tropical wetland during transition period (drought-flood).The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth response of three varieties of red chili to water stress conditions, namely shallow water table (SWT) at vegetative phase. This study used completely randomized design with chili pepper varieties treatment which consisting of Laris (V1), Laba F1 (V2), and Laju F1 (V3) during seven days of SWT and seven days of recovery. The results showed that SWT conditions had an effect in the form of an increase in the shoot length, root length and number of leaves of chili plants, and decreased after recovery conditions, except for root length, while the three varieties used in the study did not show significantly affected by SWT. In the results of agronomic characters, namely shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight, there was also an increase in the three varieties of chili plants, both after SWT treatment and after recovery. The highest adaptability to shallow water table conditions in order are the varieties Laju F1, Laga F1 and Laris. Red chili pepper plants is categorized as resistant horticultural commodity on shallow water table stress conditions at vegetative phase and potential to be cultivated at riparian tropical wetland during transition period.

Increasing Flavonoid Compounds Through The Use Of Elicitors In Callus Culture Catharanthus Roseus L.

Netty Syam — 2024-09-21

Catharanthus roseus L., atau tapak dara menarik perhatian luas karena kekayaan senyawa bioaktifnya, terutama flavonoid yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan teknik perbanyakan yang cepat dan efektif untuk memperoleh metabolit sekunder pada tanaman ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi Elicitor Cu²⁺ terhadap morfologi kalus Catharanthus, dan mengetahui konsentrasi Elicitor Cu²⁺ terbaik dalam meningkatkan kandungan senyawa flavonoid pada Catharanthus. Penelitian kultur kalus dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biosains dan Bioteknologi Reproduksi Tanaman, Gedung Teaching Industry, Jurusan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, dan analisis senyawa flavonoid dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakognosi-Fitokimia Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) empat taraf konsentrasi Cu²⁺ yaitu 0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, dan 8 ppm dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 3 botol kultur. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian dan uji lanjut BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan elisitor Cu²⁺ 4-8 ppm pada media pertumbuhan kalus tidak bersifat toksik pada kalus, sehingga sel-sel kalus masih aktif membelah yang ditunjukkan oleh kalus yang kompak dan berwarna kuning kehijauan. Penambahan elisitor Cu²⁺ dengan konsentrasi 6 ppm mampu meningkatkan kandungan senyawa flavonoid pada kultur kalus Catharanthus roseus. Penggunaan elisitor Cu²⁺ berpotensi untuk dikembangkan untuk memproduksi senyawa sekunder pada tanaman obat.

Differences in Growth and Yield of Moringa Oleifera Leaves by Immersing Seeds and Variations of Planting Medium

Rini Sulistiani — 2024-09-21

Seeds are generally used for moringa cultivation. However, the seeds produced have a fairly hard seed coat, thus affecting germination and seed vigor. The research by immersing seeds with plant growth regulators (PGR) and a comparison of the composition of planting medium need experimentation to get the maximum PGR concentration and the right composition of the planting medium to grow. The study was conducted using a Split Plot Design with the main plots PGR consisting of Z₁ (freshwater), Z₂ (Coconut liquid), and Z₃ (GA₃). The subplot is Plant Medium consisting of M₁ (soil: sand: manure-1:1:2); M₂ (soil: sand: manure-1:2:1); M₃ (soil: sand: manure-2:1:1). Data were examined by Analysis of Variance and continued by DMRT at α 5%. The results of the analysis showed that PGR had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, and root length. The composition of the planting medium caused significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and fresh and dry leaf weight. The interaction between the planting medium and PGR caused differences in stem diameter at 2 and 8 weeks after planting. The recommended PGR treatment is freshwater for longer roots and taller plants. M₁ planting media produced the most number and weight of leaves. The combination treatment of Z₃M₂ produces the largest stem diameter.

Partnership on Production Risk and Income of Robusta Coffee Farming in Lampung Province

Moh. Hasan Basri — 2024-09-21

Lampung Province, as one of the largest producers of robusta coffee in Indonesia, still faces issues of low productivity. Contract farming is seen as a strategy to increase productivity and income from coffee farming. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of contract farming on production risks and income from coffee farming. The research was conducted in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Project Cooperation Agreement (PCA). The research respondents consisted of 203 farmers, comprising 99 partner farmers and 104 non-partner farmers. Data analysis methods used the coefficient of variation to analyze the level of production risk with contract farming and the Mann-Whitney test to analyze income differences between contract and non-contract farmers. The research results showed that both contract and non-contract coffee farmers faced low production risks. Income from coffee farming by adopting a contract farming system was higher than without a contract. Additionally, the total costs incurred for coffee farming by contract farmers were lower than non-contract farmers. Income difference tests between contract and non-contract farmers indicated significant differences in both cash and non-cash income. It can be concluded that farmers under contract and non-contract farmers face the same level of risk, but contract farmers have higher incomes than non-contract farmers.

Production and Screening of Ecoenzyme Secondary Metabolite Compounds Peels of BW Citrus and Siamese Oranges Potential as Bioinsecticides

Budi Prasetyo — 2024-09-21

This study aims to determine the levels of secondary metabolites that have the potential as biopesticides in the ecoenzyme of BW and Siam orange peels. Research on making ecoenzymes was carried out in Karang Anyara Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. Analysis of the levels of secondary metabolites was carried out at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang City, East Java. Analysis of the levels of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins was carried out using the extraction-spectrophotometric method while the analysis of essential oil content was carried out by distillation method. The results of the study identified secondary metabolites with potential as bioinsecticides in the ecoenzyme of BW orange peel and Siamese orange peel. The compounds contained are alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and essential oils. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of secondary metabolites present in the ecoenzyme. To complete the results of this study, further research is needed to prove the effectiveness of using ecoenzyme from citrus fruit peels as a bioinsecticide.

Keywords:, bioinsecticide, ecoenzyme, citrus peel

Characteristics of Farming Families on Nutrition Choices and Stunting Incidents in Ogan Ilir Regency

Nico Sebayang — 2024-09-21

Government Ogan Ilir Regency is committed to alleviating the stunting problem, especially for most farming families suffering from stunting. The research was conducted on mothers' toddler nutrition not aged 13 to 59 months in the Farming families in nine Posyandu (Integrated Healthcare Posts) in three different sub-districts, based on the Decree of the Regent of Ogan Ilir 2023, Number 188/KEP/DPPPAPPKB/2023 concerning Lokus Village Acceleration Reducing Stunting. The sample used a purposive sampling technique with 17 questions grouped into three parts. Data was analyzed using descriptive quantitative and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The research results show that factor education is the highest for mothers influenced by the lack of knowledge about source nutrition for toddlers. The income factor is the highest family influenced by the nutrition choices menu when there is money—the priority of using cash in the house and the assumption that work no means wealthy. The schedule influences the highest consumption factor. All variables have convergent validity and are related to mutual relationships. The condition results in a social economy and farming families. The incidence of stunting in Ogan Ilir Regency was 59.8 %, significantly influenced by education and income factors. The effect of the moderation factor education is confirmed to be a significant strengthening factor of income and a factor that affects the consumption of farming families and stunts incidents in Ogan Ilir Regency. Additionally, the effects of moderation factor income were confirmed to be very significant, strengthening factor consumption farming families to stunting incidents in Ogan Ilir Regency.

The Effect of Dormancy Breaking Method and Seed Planting Position on Salak Seed Viability (Salacca edulis Reinw)

I Made Leddy — 2024-09-30

The hard and thick structure of snakefruit seeds makes it difficult for snakefruit seeds to germinate, therefore efforts are needed to break the dormancy of snakefruit seeds. The aim of the research was to determine the method of breaking dormancy and the appropriate seed planting position to increase the viability of snakefruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) seeds, which was carried out at the Green House of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Extension Center (BP3K). The research method uses a factorial pattern in a completely randomized design. The first factor is the dormancy breaking method which consists of 5 levels, namely control, atonic, gibberellin (GA3), 60^oC hot water, and sanding. The second factor is the position of planting seeds which consists of 3 levels, namely upright, lying down and upside down. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA with a DMRT further test at 5% level. The research results showed that the method of breaking dormancy had an effect on the viability of snakefruit seeds. A good method of breaking dormancy is with GA3. The position of seed planting influences the viability of snakefruit seeds. The positions for planting seeds that have a good effect are the upright and lying positions. There was an interaction between the method of breaking dormancy using GA3 and the planting position of the lying seeds on the viability of the snakefruit seeds.