Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan

Organogenesis formation Porang plant (Amorphophallusmuelleri B.) At Several Concentrations of TDZ (Thidiazuron)

2023-09-27T03:51:31+00:00

The porang plant (Amorphophallus muelleri B.) is a tuber plant. Porang plant propagation still uses conventional methods by using seeds or frogs that experience dormancy and take a long time to make seeds. The tissue culture technology approach through organogenesis is a solution for the supply of large-scale porang seed material. The research aims to determine the effect of TDZ (Thidiazuron) on the formation of organogenesis. This study used porang leaf explants grown on MS media. The research design used a completely randomized design with one factor, namely TDZ hormone at concentrations of 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and 4 mg/L. The results showed that leaf explants on the addition of TDZ hormone could form organogenesis indirectly, but gave a response to form shoots multiplication. TDZ concentration of 2 mg/L gave the highest proportion value in the parameter of callus formation power of 95%, regeneration power of 88%, and number of shoots of 10.2 shoots.

Application Of Mycotricho and Guano To The Growth and Yield Of Peanut Plants (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

2023-08-23T05:19:35+00:00

Micotricho is a technological innovation by utilizing useful microbes in the form of mycorrhizal fungi and trichoderma. Guano is bat manure with the second highest nitrogen content after pigeon droppings, but cow dung ranks first in phosphorus content and third in potassium content. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of mycotricho (Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma) and guano fertilizer on the growth and yield of peanut plants. This research was conducted in Jetak Ngansri Hamlet, Mulyoagung Village, Dau District, Malang Regency, which was carried out from July - October 2022. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatment factors. The first factor: Dosage of Mikotricho Fertilizer (M) consists of 4 levels, namely: M0 (without Mikotricho), M1 10 (g/plant), M2 (30 g/plant), M3 (50 g/plant). The second factor: Guano Fertilizer (K) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 (without Guano), K1 (60 g/plant), K2 (120 g/plant). Parameters observed were: plant height, number of leaves, time of flower appearance, number of root nodules/plant, number of pods/plant, fresh pod weight/plant, dry pod weight/plant, dry pod yield, number of seeds/plant, seed weight/ plants, weight of 100 seeds, fresh weight of stover, dry weight of stover and yield. The results of this study indicate that there is an interaction between the application of mycotricho fertilizer (mycorrhiza and trichoderma) and guano fertilizer on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, time of flower appearance, number of pods, number of active root nodules, wet weight of pods/plant, dry weight of pods/plant, dry pod yield, number of seeds/plant, dry weight of seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds, fresh weight of stover/plant, dry weight of stover/plant and yield. Interaction combination treatment the best results were obtained in the treatment of guano 60 g/plant and mycorrhiza 30 g/plant with a dry pod yield of 4.14 tons/ha or a seed yield of 2.48 tons/ha.

The Usage Of Soil Renewal Materials To Improve The Chemical Properties To Increase The Shallot Yield From Tumbers

2023-09-12T00:47:18+00:00

In line with the increase number of populations, the shallot demand is also increase. Thus, some efforts are needed to increase the shallot production on the degraded agricultural land, especially on ultisol. This study aimed to (1) identify the best dose of organic matter and mycorrhiza and the interactions between these two treatments in increasing shallot production on ultisol, (2) analyze the improvement of chemical properties of ultisols using mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer, and (3) measure the increase of vegetative and generatif (production) growth of shallot using these treatments. The study was designed by factorial randomized block design with some levels. Treatment 1 (Mycorrhiza), M₀ = Control, M₁ = 10 g/polybag, M₂ = 20 g/polybag, M₃ = 30 g/polybag, M₄ = 40 g/polybag, and Treatment 2 (Organic Fertilizer), P₀ = Control, P₁ = organic fertilizer (0.6 kg/polybag), P₂ = organic fertilizer (1.2 kg/polybag), P₃ = organic fertilizer (1.8 kg/polybag), P₄ = organic fertilizer (2.4 kg/polybag). The results show that the mycorrhiza treatment just give the significant effect on the paramters of the wet and dry shallot weights. The highest result was found in the M₄ treatment (13,9 dan 1,79 gr) and the lowest in the M₀ treatment (7,89 dan 0,86 gr) for the wet and dry shallot weigths respectively. The organic fertlizer gives significant effects on all parameters, for the highest output was found in the P₃ (30,24 cm, 38,47 leaves, 12,75 gr dan 1,58 gr) dan the lowest from P₀ (12,58 cm, 9,57 leaves, 5,46 gr dan 0,86 gr) for the parameters of the height, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight, respectively. The interaction between two paramters did not give the significant effect on the wet and dry weights. Fortunately, the interaction of the M₄P₄ treatment give significant effect on the height parameter (37,17 cm) and the M₁P₃ treatment give significant effect on the parameter of the number of leaves (46 number of leaves).

Growth and Production of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) Tajuk Varieties at Various Doses and Concentrations of Black Soldier Fly Kasgot and PGPR Bamboo Roots

2024-02-05T01:37:36+00:00

The aim of this study was to determine the effect, interaction, and the best dosage and concentration of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Kasgot and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) bamboo roots an the growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) of canopy varities. This study was conducted from February to June 2023 at SMK PPN Gorontalo, Telaga Sub District, Gorontalo Regency, Furthermore, this studi used a factorial randomized block design (RDB) with 2 factors. The first factor was Black Soldie Fly Kasgot (K) with 4 levels: K0 = control, K1 = 200 g/polybag, K2 = 300 g/polybag, K3 = 400 g/polybag. Meanwhile, the second factor was PGPR of bamboo roots (P) with 4 levels: P0 = (control), P1 = 20 ml/litre of water, P2 = 30 ml/litre of water, P3 = 40 ml/litre of water. The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh tuber weight, tuber number, tuber diameter and dry tuber weight. The observational data were then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA α = 5%) and continued with the DMRT test with a level of 5%. The results showed that the application of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Kasgot had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh tuber weight, tuber number, tuber diameter and dry tuber weight of shallot plants. Meanwhile, the PGPR of bamboo roots had a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. There was an interaction between the two treatments on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and tuber diameter, where the best combination was found in the application of Kasgot as much as 400 grams/polybag + PGPR 30 ml/litre of water. Lastly the best dosage Kasgot was in the treatment of 400 grams/polybag and the best PGPR concentration was 40 ml/litre of water.

Keywords: Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Kasgot, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bamboo Root, Canopy Variety.

Morpho-Physiology And Yield Performance Of Rice Genotypes In Wet Direct Seeding Methods

2023-08-08T08:01:48+00:00

The direct seeding of rice (DSR) system has been widely practiced in various Asian countries because it is considered more efficient in water and labor and provides better benefits than transplanting systems. However, improvements in the management of this system practice are still needed, especially in cropping patterns and the use of appropriate varieties. This study examines the physiological characteristics, yield components, and yields of rice genotypes in transplanting and DSR systems. This research was carried out in the field with transplanting and DSR cultivation systems (drill and broadcast sowing) and used four superior lines and one national variety. A total of 25 treatment combinations were designed using a split-plot randomized complete block design (Split plot-RCBD) with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that rice grown with DSR had no different level of greenery and photosynthesis rate than rice in transplanting cultivation, but produced lower panicle length, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains, and faster flowering time. Genotype IPB193-F-17-2-3 produced the highest productivity in wet DSR (drill and broadcast sowing) and dry DSR (drill sowing). Genotype IPB193-F-38-2-1 had the highest productivity in transplanting techniques and dry DSR (broadcast method). The productivity of the Ciherang variety in the DSR system (drill method) was not different from the transplanting system. This finding indicates that the direct seeding system using the drill method is promising for further development.

Institutionalization Of Village-Owned Business Entity (BUMDES) And Its Impact On Household Poverty In Donggala District During The Covid-19 Pandemic

2024-01-05T06:23:51+00:00

Poverty alleviation and reduction must be done through development programs, one of which is through BUMDes empowerment. The existence of BUMDes is directed at community development policies aimed at overcoming poverty in the community. This research aims to determine the institutional effect of village-owned enterprises (bumdes) on household poverty in donggala district during the co-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Donggala Regency, Sulawesi Province The method of determining the research location was carried out deliberately. The data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results showed that in real terms the variables of income, consumption expenditure, the presence of BUMDes and the influence of Covid-19, had an effect on household poverty in Donggala Regency. The variables of age and number of household members have no effect on poverty.

Keywords:, BUMDes, Poverty, Covid 19

Application Development of Expert System for Early Detection of Pests and Diseases of Corn Plants

2023-09-12T00:48:28+00:00

Pests and diseases of maize plants have the potential to cause crop failure. Lack of information and knowledge about plant pests and diseases and limited field extension workers lead to errors in diagnosing maize pests and diseases. This results in inappropriate crop management that decreases production. Therefore, farmers need a tool to detect pest and disease attacks through physical symptoms seen on plants in the field. This research aims to produce an Agricultural Information System, namely an android-based expert system to detect pests and diseases in corn plants. The method used is software with prototyping to get an overview of the application to be built through a prototype application design and then evaluated by the user. The research stages include; gathering needs, building prototypes, evaluating protoype, coding the system, testing the system, evaluating the system, and using the system. The result is the symptoms of pest and disease attacks on corn plants in the field, can be detected through the form of symptoms that are matched with images and characteristics of symptoms displayed on the Agricultural Information System software installed on android-based mobile phones or Tablets. Test results from 28 respondents showed that the success rate of detection of pest symptoms on corn plants was 75%, and for disease symptoms was 90%.

Effectiveness of Seed Coating With Antagonistic Fungi to Controlling Damping Off Disease in Chili Seeds

2024-01-05T06:13:39+00:00

This study aims to determine the inhibitory ability of antagonistic fungi from the rhizosphere of pepper (Piper nigrum L.), betel nut (Piper bettle L.) and Bawang Suna (Allium cinense G.Don.) against Fusarium oxysporum capsici which causes damping off disease and its effectiveness as a seed coating against damping off disease in chili seedlings. The research was carried out in the laboratory and experimental garden of the Department of Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, UPR. Testing the antagonistic inhibition of F.o.capsici in vitro, where the antagonistic fungus with the highest inhibition from each plant rhizosphere was used as a seed coating for chili seeds to determine its effectiveness in suppressing damping off disease on seedlings. The results of the study obtained nine antagonist fungi with very good inhibition against the pathogen F.o.capsici in vitro ranging from 70.36 – 77.74%. Three types of antagonistic fungi that are used as active ingredients in seed coatings are Gliocladium sp. from pepper rhizosphere (73.53% inhibition), Penicillium citrinum from betel rhizosphere (77.74% inhibition), and Trichoderma harzianum from suna onion rhizosphere (70.83%). The seed coating treatment with active ingredients from three types of biological agents significantly reduced the intensity of damping off disease (0%) compared to the control (23.75%). Control effectiveness reaches 100% with very good category. Seed coating with active ingredients of T. harzianum and Gliocladium sp was able to increase plant height by 34.06% and 43.11%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in increasing the number of leaves. Seed coating treatment with biological agents effectively protects seeds and plant seedlings from attack by pathogens F.o. capsici through mechanisms such as antibiosis, parasitism and competition, besides that rhizosphere fungi can induce plant resistance and produce growth regulators which can increase the growth of chili seedlings. It is hoped that in the future the seed coating treatment added with biological agents can replace the use of chemical pesticides in controlling soil-infected diseases

Bacterial-Coated Urea To Reduce The Use Of Urea Fertilizer In Potato Cultivation

2023-08-15T01:15:46+00:00

Urea fertilizers and biofertilizers play an important role in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation, but urea fertilizers are volatile and leach out easily that reduce their effectiveness. Urea coated with beneficial bacteria-enriched organic matter is expected to increase nitrogen used efficiency. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the ability of bacterial-coated urea (BCU) included Bacillus and Azotobacter to improve the growth, nutrient status and yields of potatoes grown in field; as well as to reduce urea dose. The experiment was setup in randomized block design with five treatments and six replications. The treatments were four combinations of the dose and formulation of BCU; and conventional urea fertilizer as control treatment. Application of both BCU formulation increased plant height as well as N and P uptake particularly when the recommended dose was used. In contrast, the doses and formulation of BCU did not affect chlorophyll content. Application of BCU-A or BCU-B at the rate of 200 kg/ha increased tuber weight by 59% and 81% respectively. Both high and low dose of BCU did not reduce the vegetative growth and yield compared to the plants fertilized with conventional urea. This experiment showed that BCU is considered to reduce the rate of Urea in potatoes cultivation.

Relation of Rainfall and Rain Daya to Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Production in Mapanget (DMT) in Planting Spacing System at Mapanget Experimental Garden in Balit Palma

2023-12-07T04:42:08+00:00

Most of the coconut plantations in Indonesia are dry land, so it is very dependent on rain to meet the water needs of the coconut plants. Changes in rainfall and rainy days affect coconut production. This research was conducted to determine the effect of rainy days and rainfall and its correlation to the production of three varieties of Coconut Tall. The research was conducted at the Mapanget Experimental Garden, IPCRI from January 2019 to April 2019, using data on Coconut Tall Mapanget Inner Coconut production, rainy day data (days) and rainfall (mm) for the period 2014 - 2020 The analytical method used is multiple linear regression and correlation analysis. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that rainy days and rainfall variables had no significant effect at the 5% test level on the increase in the number of bunches/trees/year, the number of fruits/bunch, and the number of fruits/tree/year in the variety Coconut Tall Mapanget. The results of the regression analysis showed that rainfall and rainy days had no significant effect on the coconut production variables, namely the number of bunches/tree/year, number of fruit/bunch, number of fruit/tree/bunch in KP. Mapanget on plants with a spacing of 9 x 9 m, 5 x 16 m, 5 x 3 x 16 m and 5 x 12 m. The various spacing treatments did not have a significant or significant effect on the coconut production component in coconut tall Mapanget (DMT) but in general, the 9 x 9 m spacing was relatively better than the other spacing treatments.

Effect of Sorbitol Concentration and Variations in Roasting Level on the Physicochemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Cililin Robusta Coffee.

2023-10-31T01:29:17+00:00

Cililin is one of the robusta coffee producing regions in Indonesia, but there are still many people who do not know robusta coffee from Cililin, so an effort is needed to improve its quality. Coffee that goes through heating stages such as drying or roasting will cause several other chemical ingredients to change. Coffee processing can affect the characteristics and taste of the coffee produced. Soaking with sorbitol solution can retain moisture (humectant) in food and in processing that undergoes high temperature treatment so that it will not cause browning reactions One of the stages carried out in coffee processing using high temperatures is the roasting process. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effect of the difference in sorbitol concentration with roasting level on the characteristics of the Cililin robusta coffee products produced. This study consisted of two factors, namely sorbitol concentration (a1=10%, a2=15%, a3=20%) and roasting rate (b1 = Light Roast, b2 = Medium Roast, b3 = Dark Roast).Data processing using Two Way Anova on SPSS application version 26.0. The results showed that concentration had an effect on water content, color test and organoleptic response in color, aroma, and texture attributes, but did not affect the characteristics of caffeine levels, and pH. Roasting rate affects coffee characteristics, namely moisture content, caffeine content, pH, color test, and organoleptic response in color, aroma, and texture attributes. The interaction between sorbitol concentration and roasting rate affects the characteristics of robusta cililin coffee, namely moisture content and color test. However, it has no effect on the characteristics of caffeine levels, and pH.

Genetic Variability Identification Of Iradiated Local Sorgum By Using RAPD As Molecular Marker

2024-01-22T02:18:41+00:00

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an alternative food commodity with significant potential for development in Indonesia. However, its genetic diversity in Indonesia is relatively low. The low genetic diversity of sorghum prompts efforts to improve and search for new sources of genetic diversity, including through plant breeding. Radiation-induced mutation is a plant breeding technique aimed at obtaining new traits that are not present in the parent plants. Gamma ray irradiation can damage DNA, and during the repair process, DNA undergoes new mutations induced randomly. This study aims to investigate the agronomic characteristics, genetic diversity, and relationship among plants that have been irradiated with gamma rays using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. In this study, local sorghum varieties from Bandung, Demak, and Jember were subjected to gamma ray irradiation at doses of 0 Gy, 300 Gy, and 500 Gy to induce genetic diversity. The application of gamma ray irradiation doses had a significant impact on parameters such as viability, vigor, and morphology. The isolated DNA was analyzed using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique. OPA-12 showed the highest level of polymorphism among the four primers used. The bands produced by the four scored primers were analyzed using the NTSYSpc program to determine the level of relatedness between genotypes. The genetic distance between genotypes was considerably wide, ranging from 0.1 to 0.46, indicating the potential for crossbreeding

Comparative Analysis of Cocoa Tree Replanting Models With Intercropping In Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province

2024-01-05T06:25:40+00:00

Cocoa replanting with intercrops is a strategy for sustainable cocoa development. Cocoa replanting is expected to impact productivity and production quality and increase selling prices positively. However, there are still many farmers who are reluctant to replant due to concerns about losing sources of income and financing difficulties. The study analyzed the cost and income structure of various replanting models. Based on the survey, there were 88 cocoa farmers as respondents, 51 who replanted and 37 who did not. Through the analysis of cost and income structures, it is known that replanting cocoa can be a rational option for farmers who want to increase their income because replanting can increase the productivity of cacao. In addition, the income from the intercrops has also been shown to replace the income of the cocoa lost at the time of the replanting. Analyzing the partial profit balance shows that bananas and chili are profitable crops to plant as intercrops on cocoa groves when replanting. For farmers who plant bananas as an intercrop, the income from bananas can cover unloading costs, seed costs and cocoa planting costs within one year

The Role of Local Communities in Implementing Soil and Water Conservation Practices for Sustainable Food Production Enhancement in the Salawati District, Sorong Regency

2024-02-28T01:17:49+00:00

Salawati District, as one of the agricultural centers in Sorong Regency, has 82.43% of its population employed in the agricultural sector. Over time, the community faces various challenges threatening the food supply and agricultural sustainability. The success of soil and water conservation practices heavily relies on the participation and contribution of local communities. This research aims to identify adopted soil and water conservation practices, assess the level of knowledge regarding these practices, and evaluate their impact on sustainable food production. The research design combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. Results indicate that the local community's knowledge stands at 72.86%, with 82.86% implementing soil and water conservation practices in agricultural cultivation processes. The primary motivation for applying conservation practices is to enhance agricultural yields (70%), followed by environmental sustainability concerns (15.71%) and personal motivations (14.29%). Challenges faced include a lack of resources (34.29%), weather uncertainties (30%), insufficient knowledge about conservation practices (22.86%), and time constraints (12.86%). Information sources for implementing soil and water conservation practices include other farmers (51.43%), the internet or social media (37.14%), local agricultural experts (8.57%), and agricultural training (2.86%). Farmer groups serve as the primary support system for implementing soil and water conservation practices, with 100% of the local community having a more sustainable outlook on increasing local food production. Sustainable agricultural systems can be achieved by improving land quality, ultimately enhancing sustainable food production and achieving food security.

Optimization of the Refining Process for a Fraction Rich in Crude Common Pony Fish (Leiognathus equulus) Oil as a By-product of Fish Protein Hydrolysate Processing Using The Response Surface Method

2023-12-29T06:29:03+00:00

The production of fish protein hydrolysate from common pony fish yields a fraction rich crude fish oil as a by-product. To utilize this by-product, refining is necessary to obtain common pony fish oil. This research aims to use a fraction rich crude fish oil from fish protein hydrolysate by-products to obtain fish oil and to determine the optimal conditions for the refining process using the response surface method (RSM) in the degumming, neutralization, and bleaching processes. The experimental design used was the Box–Behnken design, with the responses used to determine the optimum conditions at the degumming stage were water content and total dissolved solids. The response used to determine the optimum conditions at the neutralization stage was the refining factor, and at the bleaching stage was color (L, a*, b*). Parameters studied for each purification process include heating temperature (50-80°C), contact time between fraction rich crude fish oil with auxiliary materials (10-20 minutes) and the length of time for centrifugation (5-15 minutes) with a rotation speed of 10,062 G. The optimal conditions obtained in the degumming, neutralization, and bleaching processes for heating temperature, contact time between fraction rich crude fish oil with auxiliary materials, and centrifugation time, respectively, were 50°C, 10 min, 5 min; 50°C, 20 min, 5 min; and 80°C, 10 min, 15 min. Verification of the optimum conditions resulted in a free fatty acid value of 8.25% ± 0.01%, an acid value of 1.87 ± 0.02 mg KOH/g oil, a peroxide value of 1.04 ± 0.01 meq/Kg, an anisidine value of 11.11 ± 0.01 meq/Kg, a total oxidation value of 13.21 ± 0.01 meq/Kg and water content 6.052 ± 0.02 %. These results indicate a reduction in free fatty acids, acid number, peroxide number, anisidine number and water content by 66%, 90%, 73.5%, 61%, 63%, and 92% respectively. Our results showed that the purified fraction rich crude fish oil has met the SNI standards in parameter acid number, peroxide number, iodine number, anisidine number, and total oxidation value. The purification process that has been carried out can improve the quality fraction rich crude fish oil, but further processing still needs to be carried out to reduce water content and free fatty acid value